Preview—Lesson One
字彙
1. 2001 年9 月11 日紐約世貿中心的攻擊事件是場大災難。
這悲慘的事件造成三千多人死亡。result in＝lead to＝bring about 造成；導致
2. 因為天空烏雲密布，琳達隨身帶把傘作為防備。
3. 那地震重創整個社區。
小孩們由於父母死於墜機而精神受到創傷。
意外後，她受到創傷。
4. 一顆破壞力很大的炸彈在市中心爆炸，造成嚴重的損失。
強烈暴風雨帶來的洪水摧毀了廣大的農地。
...brought... ＝ ...which was brought...
5. 手機的大量使用已經改變人們彼此溝通的模式。
那小男孩伸長手去拿在他上方架子上的糖果。reach for 伸手去拿
日本的領土從北方的北海道延伸至南方的九州。
那母親的縱容或多或少造成小孩賭博的習性。
(1)to a certain/some extent 在某種程度上有一點
(2)be responsible for為……負責
6. 有些人覺得有房地產要比把錢放在銀行更安全。
那戶人家相當有錢，在市區有許多房地產。limits 界限
7. 菲力浦小時候從梯子掉下來，結果臉上留下疤痕。
未經痛苦的人不會同情別人。
那木桌表面有著刀痕。
8. 當她知道自己考得不錯時，相當放心。
9. 意外所造成的傷痕很快就痊癒，傑瑞不久就可以再運動了。
「醫者先醫其身。」是句古諺，它勸你在試著修正別人錯誤前先修正自己的。urge 勸誘
10. 因為臺灣地震頻繁，學校防災演練是很重要的。be prone to compromise/anger/colds：易於妥協／生氣／感冒
11. 有許多民間傳說提到月圓的時候會發生奇怪的事情。
12. 畫家有相當敏銳的視覺。
她相信自己可以在事件真的發生前就知道。
她對別人的需求和慾望感覺相當敏銳。
在霧中幾乎看不到那山上的房子。
白紙上的那個小黑點幾乎看不到。
13. 因為雨水和寒冷的天氣，街道冰滑；因此，你走路或開車都必須要很小心。
Cut your coat according to your cloth.（【諺】量入為出。）
14. 士兵們把旗子升上旗竿，所有人都敬禮。
15. 這作家小說的特點是主題一再提到大城市裡的孤寂感。
傑瑞的電腦一再發生同樣的問題。
有些感染上瘧疾的人一生中會再復發。suffer from 遭受
16. 地震是個自然現象，火山爆發也是。
17. 有位聽眾打斷演說者的談話，並問了一個很不禮貌的問題。
那演講者不理會聽眾打岔，繼續說話。
18. 地心引力的存在是可以經由科學實驗證實的。
警方詢問目擊者試著去確認他所說的話。
嫌犯在警局所說的話仍需要證實。
19. 沒有人是完美的；所有人都會犯錯。
容易犯錯是人類的特性，所以我們都有可能犯錯。be likely to 有可能
20. 當個好學生最重要的條件就是要力求最好的表現。
requirement 必要條件 first and foremost 首先；第一
21. 好的建築師設計既實用又美觀的大樓。
在商業區有許多現代化建築。
紐約市最特殊的建築特色是摩天大樓。distinctive 特殊的
22. 我們在英國停留的時候，參觀許多經得起時間考驗的雄偉城堡。
23. 傑若米在夾克袖子的手肘部分加上皮革補片讓它耐穿。patch 補丁
地震後，一些沿著這條公路的橋樑急需補強。
24. 廚房通常會有一些櫥櫃，可以存放碗盤和食物。
kitchen cabinet（總統的）智囊團；碗櫥 shadow cabinet 影子內閣
25. 你在開車或坐車的時候要繫緊安全帶。
26. 如果你生活在空氣被汙染的地區，買個淨化空氣的機器可能是個不錯的主意。
pure and simple：純粹的；不折不扣的（放名詞後）
«He is a hypocrite pure and simple.
27. 你洗被單時，放些漂白劑在水裡，好把被單漂白。
在臺灣，年輕人流行把頭髮弄淡好染成金髮。
28. 工人們用鏟子鏟沙補破洞。
你能幫我把車庫門旁的雪鏟掉嗎？
29. 大樓裡應該有一些滅火器。
消防隊員花了好幾個小時才把那場大火撲滅。
片語
1. 電話響起時，她正要離開家。
be about to＋VR＝be going/ready to＋VR
＝be on the point/verge/brink of V-ing
2. 當你在海裡游泳，有時候可能會碰到魚群游在你身邊。
動物群 動物
flock（羊、鳥） sheep, goats, geese, birds, ducks
herd（大型動物） cattle, deer, elephants, pigs, camels
*drove（移動中的牛、羊）
pack（狗、狼） hounds（獵犬）, wolves
swarm（昆蟲） ants, bees
flight（飛行的鳥） birds, swans（天鵝）
school/shoal（魚） fish, whales
3. 為了避開車陣，最好在尖峰時間以前到超市。
4. 經過長時間的討論，業務員和我同意了那部車子的價錢。
(1)agree like cats and dogs：如同水火
(2)agree to differ：同意各自保留自己的看法
(3)I couldn’t agree more.（我非常同意。）
5. 在山區爬山時，先向地方當局報備是明智的。
6. 經過一些練習之後，泰德的來福槍射得相當準確。
with＋N＝adv. 常見的還有with care/ease/difficulty等
7. 如果你盡全力，就不會懊惱。
do/try one’s best＝go all out to VR＝make every effort to VR
8. 規律地運動對你的健康來說會有顯著的改變。
(1)make a (big) difference ＝make all the difference (in the world)＝make a world of difference：有重大的影響
課文重點解析
1 September 21, 1999 was a traumatic day in Taiwan. A devastating earthquake struck central Taiwan, killing thousands of people and causing
S V
extensive property damage.
1.a devastating/destructive earthquake：造成重大死傷的地震（在此指的是921 大地震）
2.strike ＝ hit：襲擊
3.killing...and causing... 為and killed...and caused... 簡化而成的分詞句構，其中cause/do...damage (to...) 表「造成……損失」。
2 The scars of such a tremendous disaster do not heal easily. Such events
S
lead people [in an earthquake-prone area of the world] such as Taiwan to
V O 介系詞片語修飾people
wonder if there are accurate ways of predicting when an earthquake is
名詞子句當wonder的受詞
going to happen.
1. lead…to… = cause…to：使得
2.an earthquake-prone area ＝ an area where earthquakes often occur：地震頻繁的地區
3.such as ＝ like：像
4. if there are accurate ways of predicting = whether we can have an exact prediction (or not)
3 There has been an abundance of Chinese folklore [concerning the warning
V S 介系詞片語修飾folklore
signs of earthquakes].
1.an abundance of ＝ a great quantity of ＝ plenty of：許多的
2.concerning ＝ about ＝ regarding ＝ in/with regard to ＝ as for：關於
3.warning signs：警訊
4 For example, the Chinese have long believed that certain animals have
S V
extra-sensory perception of when an earthquake is about to occur and that
名詞子句當have believed的受詞
they change their behavior accordingly.
名詞子句當have believed的受詞
1.have long believed that...and that... 當某主詞同時做了兩件事情時，用S + V (that)...and (S + V) that... 的句構：
2.extra-sensory perception：超感知覺；第六感（簡稱為ESP，也可說成the sixth sense）
3.be about to VR ＝ be going/ready to VR：正要
4.accordingly ＝ in accordance with sth.：隨著；依照
5 For example, {instead of roosting on a pole or branch}, chickens keep their
介系詞片語 S V
feet on the ground shortly[before an earthquake strikes].
O 表時間的副詞子句
1.原句＝ For example, chickens don’t rest on a pole or branch, but stand on the ground right before an earthquake.
2.instead of：不……而……；代替
3.keep one’s feet：站穩
6 People have also noticed that snakes emerge from their holes in the ground before an earthquake, and that dogs—even normally quiet dogs—bark a lot.
1.emerge from ＝ come out from：從……出現
7 Similar folk wisdom exists in Japan, [where earthquakes are also a
S V 形容詞子句修飾Japan
recurring phenomenon].
1.where 引導形容詞子句修飾 Japan
8 Before the Great Hanshin Earthquake, it was reported [that large schools of
虛主詞 名詞子句，為真主詞
fish were sighted swimming near the surface of the water].
1.the Great Hanshin Earthquake：阪神大地震
2.(1)...large schools of fish were sighted swimming near the surface of the water.
＝...people saw a large number of fish swimming near the surface of the water.
(2)為了表示客觀的敘述（尤其是報導），常把以人為主詞的結構改為it is/was p.p. that... 的非人稱結構（impersonal construction）
3.「感官動詞」後面可以接V/V-ing/p.p. 以表示事實、動作的進行或是被動，而常見的感官動詞有see, watch, hear, overhear, notice, perceive, observe等
9 Crows and pigeons seemed to be especially noisy shortly before the earthquake struck. These birds were also noticed to be flying in unusual patterns as if their normal routines had been interrupted.
1.These birds were also noticed…as if their normal routines had been interrupted.
＝ People noticed these birds flying in unusual ways as though their regular ways of flying had been interrupted.
《補充》
as if/though：彷彿；好像（後面經常接假設法句子，強調與事實相反）
1.若前後二件事發生在同時，用：S ＋V as if/though S ＋were/過去（進行）式
«I don’t like Jason, for he always talks as if he were a big shot.（大人物）
«Peter ignored me. He acted as if he didn’t know who I was.
2.若後者發生較前者來的早或已完成時，用：S ＋V as if/though S ＋had p.p.
«Amy looked at me doubtfully as if I had said something wrong.
3.若表示可能性很大或是事實時，用直說法（尤其是在口語中）：
«Linda laughs as if she is the happiest person in the world.
«It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon.
10 Do all these sound superstitious? More verifiable is the chemical change in
SC V S
ground water [that seems to occur before an earthquake]. Data indicate
形容詞子句修飾water
that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water increases before a quake.
1.後句屬“SC ＋ be ＋ S”倒裝句構。當主詞過長或為了強調時，往往會將補語移至前面因而形成所謂的「完全倒裝句」，如：
«Lucky is the man who wins this girl’s heart.
SC V S
11 The Japanese believe that before an earthquake strikes, there are nearly imperceptible tremors in the earth. That is [why scientists there have wired
S V SC
both land and sea to detect the slightest movement].
不定詞片語表目的
1.nearly imperceptible tremors ＝ very slight/small vibrations/quakes
2.that is why 引導句子來說明前述之事，類似的還有that is here/when/who/how/
what等：
what等：
«He was caught in a traffic jam. That is why he was late.
«I think I won’t forget that place. It is where I first met my lover.
«Judy studies English at least two hours a day. That is why she makes so much progress in her English.
12 Still, earthquakes happen unexpectedly. [Because earthquake prediction is
表原因的副詞子句
so fallible], it becomes doubly important that people learn how to reduce
虛主詞 名詞子句，真主詞
the damage caused by earthquakes.
1.Still, earthquakes happen unexpectedly.＝ However, earthquakes (continue to) occur (without our being able to know they are coming).
2.doubly：加倍地
3.caused by... 為which/that is caused by... 簡化而成的分詞句構。
A be caused by/result from/be due to B：A由B造成
→ B result in/lead to/bring about A：B造成A
13 Most people who die in earthquakes are killed by collapsing buildings. So,
形容詞子句修飾people
the foremost solution is to build earthquake-proof buildings.
S V SC
1.earthquake-proof：防震的
proof：耐……的（＝ resistant to）
類似的還有：water-proof（防水的）；rust-proof（防鏽的）；fire-proof（防火的）
14 It is for this reason that Japanese architects are continuously seeking to
介系詞片語當副詞用 S V
improve the ability of tall buildings to withstand earthquakes.
1.原句＝ Therefore, Japanese architects are always trying to make better earthquake-proof buildings.
2.本句採用所謂的分裂句（cleft-sentence）句構，來強調訊息焦點（for this reason），而其用法為It is/was ＋所要強調的字詞＋that ＋原句其他的字詞，如：
(1)The police found the body in the garage.
→It was the police that found the body in the garage.
→It was the body that the police found in the garage.
→It was in the garage that the police found the body.
15 Nevertheless, [while buildings can be made stronger and more flexible], it
表讓步的副詞子句 虛主詞
is still important [that people living in earthquake-prone areas be aware of
名詞子句，真主詞
how to prepare for a devastating earthquake].
1.nevertheless ＝ in spite of that ＝ however：不過；然而
2.表「……是重要的／必要的／適當的」常用It is important/necessary/proper...
that S ＋(should) ＋VR 的句構，如：
that S ＋(should) ＋VR 的句構，如：
«It is important that children (should) be properly raised.
3.living...areas 為who live...areas 簡化而成的分詞片語，修飾people。
4.be aware/conscious of ＋N/that S ＋V：意識到；知道
16 They should regularly check and reinforce their homes to make sure that all heavy objects are steady and that bookcases and cabinets are securely fastened to the walls.
1.make sure (that) S ＋V/of ＋N：確定；弄清楚（＝ confirm ＝ be certain）
2. fasten...to...：把……固定在……上（＝attach...to… ＝ join...to...）
17 What else can you do to prepare for an earthquake?
1. else為形容詞或副詞，放在被修飾的字的後方。else通常接在兩類單詞後方：
(1) what, who, where…等疑問代名詞或疑問副詞。
．Johnny didn’t know where else to go.
(2) something, anybody, nothing…等代名詞。
．This is not what I need. I need something else.
18 You should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. It is
虛主詞
best to store several gallons of water per person.
真主詞
1.It is/will/would be better/best (for 人) to VR＝人had better VR ＝人may/might as well VR：（口氣較弱）（某人）最好去……
19 It is also important to have something [to clean or purify water with], such
虛主詞 真主詞 不定詞片語修飾something
as a bottle of chlorine bleach.
1.to clean or purify water with 為不定詞片語做形容詞用，修飾something，類似的有：
«If you don’t do anything illegal, there is nothing to be afraid of.
20 Just a few drops of chlorine bleach can purify a gallon of water, making it
S V O
safe to drink. Store one week’s supply of food for each person.
1.making... 為and make... 簡化而成的分詞句構，it 則指water，而to drink 為不定詞片語做形容詞用，修飾it。本句屬於make ＋ O ＋ OC 句構，類似的有：
«Let’s work hard to make the world a better place to live in.
21 Also, keep earthquake survival kits handy. These kits should include a
V O OC
radio, a flashlight, batteries, a first-aid kit, a shovel, a tent, and warm clothing.
1.also ＝ besides ＝ in addition ＝ moreover ＝ what’s more：此外；而且
2.survival kits：救生包
3.keep...handy ＝ keep...at hand ＝ keep...within (easy) reach：把……放在手邊／就近
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OOPS!!! 這是新老師打的嗎?!! COOL
雖然我不想這樣說，但他文字編排有些地方跑掉了，有的地方漏字，看看要不要再調一下，或是提供載點給我們下載!這是我的建議，參考看看吧!
在WORD檔上的編排跟網頁都會不太一樣 直接複製貼上就會有這些問題 我看阿 如果介意這問題的人 留下信箱 直接寄原始檔給你們好了 至於是否要用載點 我在想一下好了!!
我弄了載點 所以不用留信箱了